Formal versus Informal Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Formal versus Informal Finance - Essay Example 18). This discourse delves into the firm financing patterns and growth in China. In the end, the paper finds that very few firms as well as companies rely on formal banks to finance their business, leaving most of them to depend on informal sources to drive up capital for their businesses. Furthermore, the author of this paper discovers that although, few businesses rely on formal sources of finance, such sources are responsible for faster growth of a business company compared to informal sources of finance. Some of the vices identified are corruption. However, there was no evidence to prove that such a vice affected the allocation of credit to firms from the financing institutions. It also did not affect the performance of the business both in the market and in terms of profit making. This paper presents a counter argument on the positive relationship between finance and growth using China’s economy as a case study. Analysis of the Relationship between Finance and growth Econ omists concur on the fact that China has the fastest growing economy in the world. The Chinese economy has gained significance that no other economy can ignore its rate of growth. Pundits believe that the Chinese economy will surpass the size of the US economy by the time we get to the third decade of the current century (Yao & Yueh, 2009, p. 40). Professionally though, its per capita income level will remain very low compared to that of the United States. In some other quarters experts dismiss this predictions as misleading citing various facts. The strength of the China’s economy for instance, appears in its manufacturing sector that is so far challenging manufacturing sectors in advanced economies around the world. This is profound especially in economies that are labor intensive (Angelina, 2008, P. 76). China is also undertaking a top-down approach while entering the high technology industry. This means that the rate at which such an economy accelerates is high and will h it its peak very soon. The growth of technology receives maximum support form high-level research by a large of scientists as well as engineers finishing their undergraduate and postgraduate courses. China is an essential counterexample to findings in various fields among them institutions, law, growth of literature, and finance (Pagano, 1993, p. 619). This is despite the fact that it has very poor financial systems and legal structures. Its economy defies all these to become the fastest growing economy in the world (Patnaik, 2011, p. 33). A lot of information from scholarly articles in the field of law and finance demonstrates that the growth of formal financial institutions relates closely to a faster growth of business organizations in addition to enhancing better allocation of resources (Yu, 1998, p. 79). Literature from these articles also considers the value and input by informal financial systems in the development of economies from developing economies. Informal financing as defined in the scholarly literature entails small, shorter, and unsecured loans. These sources of finance are restricted to the rural areas, households, agricultural financing and contracts, small entrepreneurial engagements, and individuals. The loans target the lower cadre of the market within the developing economies (Hsieh & Klenow, 2009, p. 21). The same appears in the developed economies but takes a different approach. In the US for instance,

Top 10 Natural Disasters of the Year Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Top 10 Natural Disasters of the Year - Essay Example 10 natural disasters that have made people homeless, children orphan and has taken the lives of millions in the year 2013 are: Chad, Drought (June2012- February 2013) Mindanao floods, Philippines (January)  Ã‚   Yunnan earthquake, China (March)   Guangdong Storm, China (March) Sichuan Earthquake of China (April) Argentina, Buenos Aires floods (April) Namibia, Drought (May) Hubei Flood, Guan gong, China (May) Patuakhali cyclone, Bangladesh (May)   Sichuan Flood, Gansu, China (June) (Aspi, 2013) Chad, Drought (June2012- February 2013) In 2012 Chad experienced the worst drought in its history. From 2010 about five regions of the country have been affected by drought. During this time the production of cereal reduced to 50 percent of the country’s production in 2010’s. To worsen the situation the neighboring countries cut the supply of food and the income on which the citizens of this region rely on. Almost 18 million citizen across Africa faced hunger as a result of this step. It was the poor governance of the concerning authorities and the low quality infrastructure that increased the difficulties of the people affected from drought. Mindanao floods, Philippines (January) It was due to the heavy rain and flood that about 100,000 people got displaced in Manila, Philippines. According to the report presented by National Reduction and Management Council about 23,886 families and 100,994 people flee from their homes due to bad weather conditions. About 5,912 families and 26,828 people were living in 46 evacuation centers across Philippines whereas 19,974 families and 74,166 people were staying with their friends or relatives. Properties worth 71 million were damage as the result of this flood. Assistance worth 3.27 million was provided to the residents affected by flood. Yunnan earthquake, China (March) The area of South Western China that killed hundreds of residents, destroying the houses of hundreds of people also forced people to migrate to a safer place. This earthquake affected a wide area including Yunnan. The magnitude of this earthquake as recorded by the China Earthquake Administration was 5.9 whereas the magnitude reported by U.S. geological survey was 5.9. The China Earthquake Information Administration while citing the provincial civil affair department of Yunnan said that 5 people died as the result of this earthquake and about 17 were injured in the cities of Deqen and Shangri-La. The condition of six injured people is still serious. This earth quake destroyed 600 residential units and around 55,000 of these units were damaged. The flood caused around 9,000 residential units to relocate. Guangdong Storm, China (March) Typhoon Usagi arrived in the province of Guangdong in the south of China, bringing along winds at 165 km per hour accompanied by massive storm and heavy rain and flooding a wide area. At least 25 of the residents died on the first day in the city of Shanweim present in the province of Guangdong. The storm destroyed 7000 homes and around 80,000 people were evacuated from the residential units present in province Fujian. The storm also caused transport network disruption in the southern area China. This Typhoon before hitting Guangdong has been the cause of a number of fatalities in Taiwan and Philippines as well. Sichuan Earthquake of China (April) The earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0 hit the Lushan Country area

North Korea Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

North Korea - Research Paper Example The researcher of rhis paper focuses mostly on describing of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), commonly known as North Korea is an Eastern Asian country and located between China and South Korea. Pyongyang that is the capital of North Korea was described as a political and cultural center of the countr. It is also the largest city in the country by area and population. The Amnok River and the Tumen River constitute the border between China and North Korea whereas the Korean Demilitarized Zone that represents the boundary between North Korea and South Korea. Korea has been an independent kingdom throughout much of its long history and this territory was occupied by Japan following the Russo-Japanese war in 1905. The World War II ended up in the split of Korea with the northern half falling under the control of Soviet Union and the southern half under the influence of United States. The election conducted in 1948 resulted in the creation of two separate governmen ts for North Korea and South Korea. However, conflicting sovereignty claim led to the Korean War. The DPRK could not defeat the US-backed Republic of Korea. North Korea considered US as the ultimate threat to its sovereignty and framed economic and military policies to accomplish the eventual unification of Korea under the control of Pyongyang. This research paper will explore and analyze several aspects of North Korea modern life, including its geography, citizens, government, military, international issues, terrorism, and crime issues. Geography As mentioned already, North Korea is situated between China and South Korea and it also borders with Korea Bay (west) and Sea of Japan (east). As described in CIA website, North Korea lies between latitudes 37o and 43oN, and longitudes 124o and 131oE. The country covers an area of 120,540 square kilometers. The highest point in the region is Baekdu Mountain (2,744 meters) and longest river is Amnok River (790 kilometers). The lowest point in the country is the Sea of Japan (0 ft). Some major cities of North Korea include Kaesong, Sinuiju, Wonsan, and Chongjin. In addition to China and South Korea, the DPRK also shares a little part of its border with Russia (17.5 km) (CIA). The country’s major natural resources include coal, lead, graphite, iron ore, gold, hydropower, zinc, tungsten, and magnesite. Occasional typhoons, droughts, and severe flooding constitute common natural hazards challenging the country. Currently, this territory faces a number of environmental issues such as water pollution, waterborne diseases, inadequate portable water supply, soil erosion and degradation, and deforestation. Nearly 80% of the North Korea comprises mountains and uplands that are separated by narrow and deep valleys. According to some early European visitors to this region, North Korea resembles ‘a sea in a heavy gale’ (Asian Studies Center). An array of hills, valleys, and mountains make this region one of the attractive tourist destinations in the world. This region has a continental climate and experiences four distinct seasons including winter, summer, spring, and autumn. Long winter characterized with snow storms brings bitter cold to this territory while summer appears to be short and humid. The country experiences the most pleasant weather during spring and autumn as a result of mild temperatures and variable winds. According to the Koppen climate classification, most of the North Korea falls under the type Dwa (Peregrine). Although the United Nations Command

Accounting aspects of Southwestern Airlines Essay

Accounting aspects of Southwestern Airlines - Essay Example In 1966 Kelleher was practicing law in San Antonio when a customer named Rollin King wished-for starting a short-haul airline like California-based Pacific Southwest Airlines.The airline would fly the "Golden Triangle" of Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio and by staying within Texas, avoid federal regulations. Kelleher and King formed a company, raised initial capital, and filed for regulatory approval from the Texas Aeronautics Commission. Regrettably, the other Texas-based airlines, namely Braniff, Continental, and Trans Texas, opposed the idea and waged a battle to prevent Southwest from flying. Kelleher argued the company's case before the Texas Supreme Court, which ruled in Southwest's favor. The US Supreme Court refused to hear an appeal filed by the other airlines. In the late 1970s, it looked as if the company could begin flying.''Southwest then began building a management team, and the purchase of three surplus Boeing 737s was negotiated. In the meantime, Braniff and Texas In ternational continued their efforts to put off Southwest from flying. The underwriters of Southwest's initial public stock offering withdrew, and a restraining order against the company was obtained two days before its scheduled inaugural flight. Kelleher again argued his company's case before the Texas Supreme Court, which ruled in Southwest's favor a second time, lifting the restraining order. Southwest Airlines began flying the next day, June 18, 1971' (Freiberg & Freiberg, 1996). Southwest Airlines: An Introduction Southwest Airlines has always been thriving in terms of productivity, good employee and union relations, and customer satisfaction at a time when most airline carriers are besieged in all these areas. Crucial to the company's hallmarks is its culture of flexibility and family-orientation. Herb Kelleher summed up the Southwest culture and commitment to employees: 'We don't use things like TQM. It is just a lot of people taking pride in what they're doing. You have to recognize that people are important. How you treat them determines how they treat people on the outside.. I give people the license to be themselves and motivate others in that way. We give people the opportunity to be a maverick. You don't have to fit in a constraining mold at work-you can have a good time. People respond to that' (Lancaster, 1999). Despite the fact that 90% of Southwest employees are unionized, labor relations have been surprisingly positive, especially by industry standards. There are no official structures for labor or union participation in management administration; nevertheless the company led by top managers who vigorously seek out and respond to employee views has taken the lead on developing and maintaining this culture. 'One significant base of the company's achievement in a rather unsteady industry is the fact that the unions are not involved in pushing their roles beyond the conservative collective bargaining and grievance functions they perform. In this regard, Southwest differs from some other renowned cases of Human Resource-based and customer-oriented success stories' (Kochan, 1999). Southwest Airlines: Its Accounting Aspects The September 11 incident pushes the airline industry into economic turmoil, resulting in unemployment, insolvency, and the prospect of fragile prospects. Soon after the September 11, most major airlines announced sharp service reductions, grounded aircraft, and laying-off of employees. Yet 'during the first decade of deregulation, more than 150 carriers, many of them start-up airlines, collapsed into insolvency. Eight of the 11 major airlines dominating the industry in 1978 ended up filing for bankruptcy, merging with other carriers, or just disappearing from the radar screen. All together, the industry made enough money during this period to buy two Boeing 747s.' (Dempsey, 1984).

Handscrolls in the Song Dynasty or in Tang dynasty or you can compare Essay

Handscrolls in the Song Dynasty or in Tang dynasty or you can compare - Essay Example Gu lived during the Jin Dynasty (265-240) and is known as a the founder of the classical Chinese painting. The predominant style of painting during the Jin Dynasty was scroll paintings. Gu was from Wuxi family and worked as a government official when still of a young age. Gu was not only a painter but also wrote several poems and essays. He had a chance to travel to many places and he would document his experiences as poems, essays or paintings. He is a very important figure in studying Chinese art history (McCausland, 43). This paper looks at Gu kaizshi works of art and analyses the specific characteristics of these paining as a way of getting insight into the style used by Chinese artist during the Jin dynasty. Nushi Zhen â€Å"Admonitions of the Instructress of the Ladies in the Palace†) This is one of the most documented paintings by Gu. This painting is adopted from Zhag Hua’s moralizing text that details the right behavior that ladies in the Imperial Harlem should show. This scroll is made of direct quotation from the texts which are followed by illustrations in terms of painting. The paintings were made with ink drawn on silk materials. The paintings in this hand scroll are very different from those of the Han dynasty. Unlike the previous paintings the figures in this hand scroll have characterized facial expressions showing emotions (McCausland, 560. This shows a development towards the creation of portraits with the figures showing individual characters and is not general like the previous pictures. An example of this portrayal is seen in scene 10 when a lady approaching the emperor was repulsed by a gesture of his raised arm. Gu uses long even strokes of his brush that show the swirling of the drapery. One can also read the expressions on the two characters involved. An important aspect of Gu painting in this scroll is the strokes. He uses evenly narrow and long strokes without a lot of diversification. This kind of line was named as spr ing-silkworm-spitting-silk line. It was the earliest line style used by Chinese artist and it was not until Tang dynasty where the artists started using more diversified line strokes. Gu was also limited in terms of the colors used to paint the apparel worn by his characters. This is because the color used was only ink either ochre or vermilion ((McCausland & Gu, 356). Gold was used in representing ornamentation in women. Gu paid a lot of attention to details as seen in his work of art and this explains why it was possible to characterize his figures. This was borrowed by other artist and it now possible to tell a person’s character from the manner they are displayed in portraits. Nymph Of Luo River This is another work of art which has contributed to the growth of the modern day Chinese art. This work of art was based on a poem written by Cao Zhi. This art can be seen as a milestone in the transition from figure painting to landscape painting. It is from the Jin dynasty that artists started to recognize the powerful influence of nature as setting was now seen to be an integral part of displaying themes in paintings. The originating is based on the story of the price Cao zhi meeting a nymph by the Luo River. This story is found in a poem written by Cao zhi himself. The nymph was the daughter of a mythical ruler called Fuxi. This is a doomed romance since the gods and human cannot marry as they live in different worlds. This form of art also shows the

Financial Management Individual Work 1 Week 10 Essay

Financial Management Individual Work 1 Week 10 - Essay Example Multinational firms experience economies of scale as part of their financial strategies. This relates to the advantages that accrue to a firm as a result of large-scale production. The large volume of the units produced by the firms, result in a decrease in the cost of producing each individual product. Through the process of rationalization, multinational corporations are able to achieve the advantages of worldwide integration as they are able to manage their resources adequately. It further allows subsidiary firms to adapt to the specific product needs and financial requirements of the countries in which they operate such as taxation and other business regulations. The subsidiaries are encouraged to operate as national firms through compliance with the specific needs of the nations in which they are located but retaining some advantages such as sharing of financial risks with their affiliated firm. Another advantage of economies of scale is that it reduces the cost of raw materials as well as other overhead costs which lead to huge profits in the long-run (Ogilvie, 2006). World-wide integration strategy allows multinational firms to develop standardized products which bear global appeal thus are able to generate huge profits owing to the fact that they are generally accepted and preferred by many people. Multinational firms can be adversely affected by the regulations imposed by banking institutions operating globally. Such challenges may be due to liquidity problems and interest rates. As a result, financial managers of the multinational firms must consider the cost of accessing loans in their countries of operation as well as investment opportunities available in those countries. They prefer operating in countries in which the banking sector is subject to international policies which have been set up by the International Monetary Fund. The domestic firms are in direct

The Cruciable by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

The Cruciable by Arthur Miller Essay The crucible is a play set in the town of Salem in 1692, in was written by Arthur Miller who saw similarities between the Salem witch hunts and the McCarthyism which gripped America in the 1950s. Both showed how hysteria, paranoia and malice could be the driving force for evil persecution and also the true power of false accusation. Arthur Miller throughout the play tries to create many themes and messages. I believe that this was done to make people think about what was happening in America at the time. The first theme is the idea of self interest and reputation. These two themes feature heavily throughout the play. Salem is a Christian society where not going to church is looked down upon and where all the villagers believe the Good News and that you should love thy neighbour. Yet underneath their niceties they seek to attack each other. Giles Corey did state several times that he has been to court over allegations of missing cows and other such accusations. Giles himself talks to Danforth about a case Danforth father tried Ysee, I had a white mare that time, and this fellow come to borrow the mare. The case that Corey talks about happened thirty-five years ago which shows that there had been a hatred brewing in the town for some time. Giles also continues to go on about how Thomas Putnam constantly goes after his neighbours land. Proctor and Putnam have a small debate over whether Proctor timber belongs to him. Putnam: What lumber is that youre draggin, if I may ask you? Proctor: My lumber. From out by my forest, by the riverside. Putnam: Why, we are surely gone wild this year. What anarchy is this? That tract is in my bounds, its in my bounds, Mr Proctor. This quote clearly shows that Putnam is in constant confrontation with his neighbours overland. Giles believes Putnam tells his daughter to cry witchery on George Jacobs (an elderly Jewish man) so that he could buy the land that by law George Jacobs had to forfeit. These undercurrents through the Salem community raise question with the audience. Such as will Putnam get away with? Who may be accused next? They build up tension leading to the court room scene (act three) it in these events that creates drama and tension by making the audience ask question about the climax and ending. At the end of act two there is an argument, this argument is the catalyst for the events of act three. It starts when Elizabeth Proctor (Johns wife) is taken away due to allegations made by Abigail Williams. John then says to his maid Mary Warren that he will not let his wife die for him. She replies, I cannot, and theyll turn on me. John Proctor replies exclaiming All our pretences are ripped away we are only what we always were, but naked now. This is a powerful statement and leads back to what I was mentioned earlier. John is simply saying that hidden underneath their Christian guise they were all out to get each other, everyone was trying to get land and destroy families. Earlier in the act John asserts that We are what we always were in Salem. The people are still the same, their evil thoughts and misdoings have always gone on but they were concealed to protect something of value; their reputation. John may also be talking about himself and his affair with Abigail, he knows what he did was wrong, but concealed it for the sake of his reputation. The people of Salem did not change overnight; they are now just seen through a different light. The third act takes place in the vestry room of the Salem meeting house, which is now being used as the anteroom of the General court. A new character is introduced, Judge Danforth; a proud man who is to the point. At the opening of act three Giles Corey challenges Putnams motives for accusing his neighbours of witchcraft. The audience will remember that Giles Corey spoke to Hale (a witch doctor form Beverly) about his wifes preoccupation with reading. He said I tried and tried and could not say my prayers. And then she closes her book and walks out the house, and suddenly mark this I could pray again! Martha Corey (Giles wife) is now being charged due to allegations made by the group of girls of which Putnams daughter is one of. Giles believes that Putnam is telling his daughter to cry witchery on the people of Salem so that Putnam can buy their land once it is forfeited. These attacks at each other within the Salem community show a different side to the Puritan community. Puritans believe in the purity of worship and doctrine. This doctrine includes all of the Ten Commandments. Two of the commandments from the audiences point of view have clearly been broken. 8) You shall not bear false witness against your neighbour. 10) You shall not covet anything that belongs to your neighbour. Clearly Putnam by telling his daughter to cry witchery for his personal gain is breaking his own beliefs. When confronting Putnam, Giles said he had heard it from an honest man. The day his daughter cried out on Jacobs, he said shed (Putnams daughter) given him a fair gift of land. Giles predicament comes when Judge Danforth asks Giles for the name of his man. Giles is then struck that the Judge should ask for the name, but Danforth persists. Giles doesnt want to give the name because the last time he gave it was his wifes and she may hang. The writer here tries to get the audience to attach themselves to Giles as he is a man of eighty just trying to get his wife back. Giles even though he states that he has been thirty-three times in court in his life seems lost and confused under the authority of Danforth. The audience will feel sorry for him and give their sympathy. It is a clever technique to draw the audience in and engaging them. The viewer will want to know what happens to Giles and most especially Putnam who by now will have gained the audiences mistrust. The other two men who accompany Giles to the court are John Proctor the main antagonist of the story and Francis Nurse. Both of these men have also had their wives detained due to allegations from the court and the girls. Francis Nurses wife was accused of being a witch due to the prompting by the Putnams. She is a highly respected Salem woman. Her helpful nature and willingness to make any sacrifice in the cause of truth makes her almost saintly in the eyes of the community. The audience will be surprised to see that she has been accused of witchcraft and will want to know her fate as well as the other womens. Francis in order to save his wife tells Judge Danforth the girls, sir, the girls are frauds. Danforth studies Francis and the audience will be hanging on the next word he says as it is his decision as to whether the girls will, in the end, get away with it. Danforth replies to Francis Do you know who I am, Mr Nurse? This question is important as it shows how important pride is to Danforth. If it becomes known that he was deceived by a group of young girls his judgement may in the future be questioned. Arthur Miller then raises the tension is the scene may bringing in the character of Mary Warren, who is described as near collapsing to the ground, head bent and eyes to the floor. The viewer will be asking themselves what has she got to say and how will it affect the proceedings. Hale says to Danforth I think you must hear the girl, sir, she- but he gets cut off by Danforth and Danforth begins to question Mary. In the beginning she wont speak, not helped by the frustration of John Proctor. The tension builds, but Mary keeps her mouth shut and so John answer for her that she never saw any spirits. The sentence ends with an exclamation mark. This is there for the actor to realise that he has to really emphasise this sentence as it is a pivotal point in the play. It is where people start to fight back, but nobody knows who will win. Danforth tries to calculate his choices and eventually agrees to hear the girl out. She tells Danforth that it was all pretence, but Parris the parish priest wont stand for it and so turns to Danforth and in a sweat spits Excellency, you surely cannot think to spread so vile a lie in open court. The audience will question why Parris know so for the hanging of the witches yet before he was adamant that there were no witches in Salem. Danforth then leaves Mary alone and begins to question Proctor, Have you ever seen the Devil? this interrogation is important as the audience knows that Proctor is a lecher but they also know Danforth doesnt know this and so they will be eager to find out if this information comes to light. During the interview Danforth and Proctor start to argue with each other about the innocence of those condemned to hang. Danforth and Proctor are both strong minded individuals and this battle is a battle of wills Proctor wont back down for the sake of getting back at Abigail (the girls he had an affair with). Danforth then tells Proctor that his wife sent a claim to him that morning that she was pregnant. Proctor says that Elizabeth his wife will never lie, so she must be pregnant. Danforth then gives him a choice as his wife will be safe for a year due to her condition. Proctor carries on regardless trying to save the wives of his friends. Hale then begins to plead with Danforth to hear this from a proper lawyer and that the claim was a weighty one and should be discussed properly. He states that he has signed away the lives of several people and that he wants to get to the heart of the matter. Hale disobedience raises question as to how the scene will go on and where Hale loyalties now lie. He is an honest man and does not want the blood of several people on his hands. Danforth then brings in Abigail and the other girls. He questions Abigail as to the truth of the allegations, but she denies. The attention then turns back to Mary who is asked if she were pretending before could she please do it again. Mary tries and tries but is unable to faint. This is because in the courtroom the girls acted together and through hysteria fainted. But now Mary is on her own and is all flustered. Danforth says it is because there are no afflicting spirits loose. But Mary still denies it. Danforth then asks Abigail to search her heart and be honest but she lies without thinking. The audience will now be hooked due to the tension building between Mary, Danforth and Abigail. They want to know if he honestly believes her lies or not. Abigail pretends to be freezing cold as soon as she is questioned to draw the attention away from the accusations put against her. She then calls to God to make it stop, Oh, Heavenly Father, take away this shadow! The exclamation at this point shows how much emphasise she is putting in to the performance, after all she is acting for her life. When she calls heaven Proctor decides that he has had enough and calls her a whore Danforth demands to know why he calls her this and Proctor admits that he has known her, sir. I have known her. Danforth shocked by this confession address Abigail with the evidence You deny every scrap and tittle of this? The language that Danforth uses shows his utter horror. He asks Abigail if she denies it all every last bit. It is like him giving her, her last chance to confess or else. More than anything it is a threat. Danforth then calls for Goodwife Proctor, and reaffirms his belief with John that Elizabeth had never told a lie. Danforth tells both Abigail and John to turn away from Elizabeth and to not signal to her or say anything. He then tells Goody Proctor to enter. He begins to question her on the release of Abigail as there servant. He asks her For what cause did you dismiss her? and In what way dissatisfied you? He is trying to lure Elizabeth in to a trap. Until eventually he asks her straight out Is your husband a lecher! the language used here is very specific and important as if she says yes she is condemning her husband but if she says no then she is letting Abigail get away with it. The audience will be anticipating her answer as they know that John has already confessed, but realise that she doesnt know that. This is made even worse by the irony that earlier John said his wife would never lie and so to save her husband she must do the thing that she never does. The tension is high as this is the climax of the story will she or wont she? Elizabeth lies and states that Proctor is not a lecher. The audience will be in shock and will want to know what is going to happen to the characters now. Hale states to Danforth that is a natural lie and starts to attack Abigail with accusations, but she starts to pretend again. Saying she sees a bird that is Marys spirit sent to hurt them. The tension builds as Danforth continues to buy into their performance. Mary who is know so scared of the gallows due to Abigail and the other girl acting as if Mary were attacking them; starts to break down and declares that she loves God and that Proctor is the Devils man! The children who are all now hysterical after their sudden performance welcome Mary back in to their group, while the adults turn their attention to Proctor. Danforth now feeling the full extent of his power again asks John What are you? John is beyond speech in his anger You are combined with anti-Christ, are you not? I have seen your power; you will not deny it! What say you, Mister? The audience will anticipate Proctors frustration. John soon replies, breathlessly I say I say God is dead! At this point the audience will know that Proctor has sealed his faint and that he has also committed blasphemy. The clever use of the exclamation mark shows to the extent at which Proctor is angry with the court. He has lost everything and is now utterly selfless. Hale ends the scene with I denounce these proceedings, I quit this court! Hale quitting the court show to the extent at which he is embittered by the court. Danforth shouts after Mr Hale! Mr Hale! his wisdom now seems useless and this victory to Danforth now seems like a defeat. The audience will now be expectantly waiting for the consequences of the actions in scene three.